HAEMOSEIS 256 – 3D Vasculography

The Technology:

Haemoseis-256 3D Vasculography is a revolutionary non-invasive technique that aids the physician in the early identification and  management of life threatening cardiovascular diseases. It provides a detailed analysis of cardiovascular haemodynamics, electrodynamics, pulmonary pathology, by providing more than sixty vital cardiovascular parameters such as detailed regional and myocardial blood flow functions and many more to identify and characterise electro-haemodynamic patterns which are consistent with coronary artery disease and other cardiac disease states. With a complete vital haemodynamic picture of the heart, Haemoseis 256 brings new and powerful cardiovascular information to the out-patient clinic, emergency rooms, intensive care units, cath labs and operation theatres. Haemoseis-256 provides unique details of minute deviation in flow patterns, invaluable for accurate monitoring of cardiac functions.

The patented Haemoseis – 256 is the first system to use Trans Aortic Modulated Flow Turbulence Accelerometry (TAMFTA) technology, precisely time synchronised with Electro Cardiography , Vertical Acceleration Detection (VAD) of heart sounds and Automatic Blood Pressure measurement – all in one system. Following normal protocol, leads for the electrocardiogram are placed on the right and the left pectore areas and on the right and left lower quadrants of the abdomen.  The lead that gives the best definition of the QRS complex is used for computation purposes.  TAMFTA uses four pairs of leads. The heart sounds are recorded using a special vertical  acceleration detector transducer attached using a double sided adhesive placed along the left sternal border at a site where the second heart sound is loudest.  Finally the arterial blood pressure is obtained using the automatic non-invasive technique.  The test requires only 6 pairs of disposable electrodes. The pulsatile changes in the electrical resistance of the blood flow in the aorta produce a signal that is precisely time related to other physiological curves like electrocardiogram, and heart sounds.  The signal thus derived is due to the electro-mechanical activity of blood flow.  Computation of these signals and taking into consideration the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vital haemodynamic parameters relating to pressure, volume, time and flow are obtained non-invasively and beat-to-beat.

Haemoseis 3D Vasculography produces a complete cardiovascular physiological profile of the patient consisting of over Sixty functional parameters that directly aid in perfecting diagnosis and treatment.

Physiological Parameters of Human Cardiovascular System obtained after 3-D Vasculography Scan:

• Stroke Volume mL
• Stroke Index mL/m3
• Cardiac Output L/min
• Systemic Vascular Resistance dyne.sec.cm2
• Mean Arterial Blood Pressure mmHg
• End Systolic Volume Beat to Beat
• End Diastolic Volume Beat to Beat
• Global Myocardial Blood Flow mL/min/100gm
• Regional Myocardial Blood Flow mL/min/100gm
• Total Coronary Resistance dyne. sec. cm2
• Mean Coronary Perfusion Pressure mmHg
• Systolic and diastolic timings milliseconds
• Pulmonary Air Retention %
• Pulmonary Fluid Retention %
• Pulmonary Capillary Pressure mmHg
• Pulmonary Vascular Resistance dyne.sec.cm2
• Renal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) mL/min
• Urine output mL/min

Functional Parameters of Human Cardiovascular System Obtained after 3-D Vasculography Scan:

• Left Ventricular ejection fraction LVEF beat to beat
• Left Ventricle Regurgitant Fraction
• Left Cardiac Work
• Maximal Oxygen Consumption
• Myocardial Oxygen Demand, Supply & Reserve
• Coronary Flow Reserve
• Global Myocardial Flow Deficiency Index
• Collateral Flow Index
• Global Cardiac Efficiency
• Thrombus Formation Factor
• Adrenergic Analysis
• Total Myocardial Burden
• Pliability of mitral and aortic valve
• Body Fat Mass Estimate Kgs
• Basal Metabolic Rate Kcal/hr/m3

Clinical Applications:

• The only way to follow neonates, where invasive techniques are impossible.
• Reliable detection of coronary artery disease and its severity.
• Understanding underlying causes of chest pain in the absence of CAD.
• Forecast signal of Myocardial Ischemia, prior to the development of angina.
• Early detection of CAD in asymptomatic subjects.
• Determination of actual working point of the heart and establishes working capacity in post-infarction recovery.
• Measurement of inotrop effects.
• Establishing ANS activity in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
• Establishing arhythmogenic focus of EAD and DAD in CAD and myocardial diseases.
• Establish Proneness to sudden cardiac death syndrome (SCDS).
• Measurement of arterial elasticity and thus the endothelial function and progression of atherosclerosis process in diabetes and hypertension.
• Measurement of ventricular elasticity and diastolic stretch in hypertrophy analysis.
• In Anaesthesia-during general narcosis and regional techniques.
• Pre-Operative assessment of cardiopulmonary fitness.
• In critical care medicine-for monitoring vital functions non-invasively and understand drug action.
• Optimising AV delay in dual chamber and pace makers.
• Estimation of GFR, renal fraction and Urine output.
• Establishment of fluid overload during dialysis, plasmapheresis.
• Early detection of pulmonary oedema, before the development of clinical symptoms.
• Early detection of COPD, it’s progression and effect of treatment.
• Aids in the decision making while choosing the line of management.
• Follow up of CABG and PTCA patients.
• Follow up of functional progress during management.
• Establishment of functional effectiveness of drugs and medicines.
• Establishment of pliability of mitral and aortic valves in valvular patients.
• Can be used effectively before, during and after procedures like External Counter Pulsation(ECP) or Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump(IABP),where measurement of coronary perfusion pressure, coronary blood flow, valvular pliability is important.
• As a real time teaching aid in functional and applied physiology at a graduate and undergraduate level in medical and nursing schools.

Accuracy and Outcome:

Twenty Years of research and advancements in computing techniques, higher speeds of processing and advancements in mathematical tools have made measurements accurate. Though there are no ‘Gold Standards’ for measuring blood volumes and myocardial blood flow, studies conducted establish adequate cross correlation with the methodologies that indirectly point out to the net effect of physiological changes.
Haemoseis 256 uses algorithm derived from well-known physical laws that are also used in measuring fluid flow and behaviour in many areas of Science and Technology.
A blinded study was conducted in India with 278 patients and the results were published in IEEE CBMS 2001, 26 & 27, July 2001, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Source; IEEE CBMS-2001.26-27 July 2001, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

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